Numerical simulation and experimental validation of deposited corners of any angle in direct ink writing

Direct ink writing (DIW) belongs to material extrusion–based additive manufacturing (MEAM), and the molding quality of deposited corners has an impact on geometrical three-dimensional (3D) parts fabricated by DIW. To fully understand DIW process improve parts, numerical simulations have been widely used model process. However, previous research works for simulation could only achieve corner under condition small angle failed realize any angle. Herein, improved is proposed based use volume fluid (VOF) method then validated experimentally. In simulation, realized constructing two calculation areas where nozzle velocities with are applied substrates areas. The effectiveness through deposition experiments using a commercially available microcrystalline wax (MW)-based in 3D printer as simulated angles fit experimental well maximum value distance deviation between outlines (MDDSEO) 1.06 ± 0.06 mm. It was observed that MDDSEO larger than straight filaments decreases increases. current work demonstrates effective approach prediction simulations.